Influence of pipe defects on heat transfer and hydrodynamics in U-shaped shell-and-tube heat exchangers Available to Purchase

Currently, modern, constantly developing technologies have a great impact on various areas of mechanical engineering, changing and tightening the requirements both for the machines themselves and for the parts and materials used in their manufacture. This also applies to pipes used in the design and manufacture of various machines and installations. One of the main directions of scientific and technological progress of modern oil refineries is to increase the unit capacity of the existing equipment [1,2,5]. The temperature difference in the tube and shell-and-tube space of shell-and-tube heat exchangers has a significant impact on the efficiency of heat exchangers [4-7]. In this connection, there is a need for the use of heat exchangers with compensating devices, such as heat exchangers with a compensator on the casing, with a floating head and with U-shaped pipes [8-10].