The effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment on yield of hydrodistillation cardamom (Amomum cardamomum) seeds essential oil Available to Purchase

Amomum Cardamomum can be processed to obtain the essential oil, which has numerous benefits, including an active antimicrobial and antioxidant. Hydrodistillation is used to extract oil from cardamom seeds with the help of ultrasonics as a pre-treatment that provides higher effectiveness and efficiency. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of pre-treatment sonication on the hydrodistillation method. The research was carried out by performing conventional hydrodistillation and ultrasonic assisted extraction followed by hydrodistillation (UAE-HD) with amplitude (30, 60, and 90%) of the pre-treatment sonication was varied as the main parameter and as a factor affecting the extraction process in two repetitions. The results showed that UAE-HD significantly increased the yield of essential oil while also shortening the extraction time. With a predicted optimum process time of 158.25 min, the 90% amplitude obtained the highest yield of 6.97% (v/w). Results from the GCMS analysis showed cardamom essential oil component compounds such as α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, D-limonene, γ-terpinene, α-terpeniol, terpinyl acetate and 1.8 cineol with the highest percentage (>60%) as the major components.