Problems of choice of building systems for penitentiary complexes

The article is devoted to the problem of choosing the construction system of modern correctional buildings and complexes, as well as other traditionally "closed" institutions: hospitals, boarding schools, military camps, shift camps. The study covers a wide range of issues related not only to building materials, building structures, methods of their construction, but also includes an initial analysis of the prospects for creating a new architectural-spatial model of buildings and complexes that were traditionally considered outcasts in society and urban development. The study of traditional and modern building systems, which are the most important component of architecture, will make it possible to realize the mistakes of the past, as well as create and apply new approaches and methods of forming an open, full-fledged environment of "closed" institutions. The most important criteria influencing the choice of a building system for correctional buildings are the level of security of building structures, as well as for prisoners and staff; reliability and ease of maintenance, repair, operation of the facility; economic efficiency of buildings at all stages of the life cycle from design to material disposal; environmental friendliness and hygiene; flexibility and dynamics of spatial organization. The study of theoretical, methodological, design materials in this area led to the identification of some building systems used in the design and construction of correctional institutions in Ukraine and foreign countries, namely: a building system with load-bearing walls made of small-sized elements (brick, stone, block) using manual and mechanized technologies; panel and frame-panel construction system; monolithic and prefabricated-monolithic construction system and, finally, an additive system using innovative digital printing technologies on a 3D printer. All of the above building systems take their place in the modern construction of penitentiary complexes and other "closed" institutions, have their disadvantages and advantages, and require additional research by modern social, psychological, functional-regime, aesthetic requirements.