Embodied energy consumption in flexible pavement materials: A case study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The construction industry has an important role in the effects of global warming and environmental impacts. To minimize those impacts, the implementation of the green concept can be done in every construction activity. This also applies to the implementation of road construction by applying the concept of the green road. Reducing the amount of energy consumed during road construction will reduce the number of emissions produced. The purpose of this study is to calculate the amount of energy embodied consumption in the implementation of asphalt pavement work (flexible pavement). This study employed a quantitative method in the form of an analysis of the estimated energy contained in the Semin Bulu Road Development Project in Gunung Kidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, along 4 km. The calculation method is carried out by multiplying the volume of material with the energy coefficient obtained from the inventory data of the ICE Bath university. The results showed that asphalt pavement work consumes the highest energy above 60% where Cement, Asphalt Hotmix, and Coarse Aggregate materials consume the largest energy of all materials used, which is as much as 82.5% of the total energy of 12,866.39 MJ. The amount of energy consumption in the three materials needs special attention in the effort to minimize so that it will reduce the environmental impact. A choice can be done by replacing the largest material, namely cement with other materials such as fly ash which has a smaller embodied energy value, so that it will reduce the amount of overall energy consumption.