Genetic diversity analysis of Apis dorsata (hymenoptera: apidae) based on cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene sequences

Honey bees are social insects which contribute significantly to pollination. One of the significant species of honey bees is Apis dorsata. This insect, known as the giant forest bee, can be found on almost every Indonesian island, including North Sulawesi. The aim of this analysis was to use partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences to assess the genetic polymorphism and intraspecific variation of A. dorsata. According to the phylogenetic analysis, three distinct clades of A. dorsata were discovered in Asia. The first group included specimens from Central Java, Thailand, Bangladesh, North Kalimantan, West Java, Myanmar, South Sumatera, and North India; The second group originated in North Sulawesi, while the third group originated in South India and Central Sulawesi. The genetic distance between North Sulawesi specimens was 0.025. There were 55 polymorphic sites identified in Asian specimens and 11 polymorphic sites identified in specimens from North Sulawesi. Despite this, the COI sequence from the North Sulawesi specimens had no amino acid variations. The genetic distance calculation revealed that, despite the fact that the studied specimens came from different areas, the genetic differences were all within the range of intraspecific variations.