Biological trait analysis of dairy cattle heredity

The objective of the studies was to evaluate the law of inheritance and phenotypic character formation in unlocking the genetic potential of dairy cows. Scientific experiments were conducted in the Kholmogory cattle raised by breeding plants in Russia. The sampling cattle were 169 cows. For biological trait analysis, the cattle were divided into mother-daughter pairs (n=57); daughters were statistically significantly superior (P<0.05) to their mothers in term of width of loin in pin bones (by 8.2%), rump length (6.2%), hip index (4.4%), fat content of milk and index of productivity - by 0.18% and 5.4%, respectively. The following parameters are characterised with the highest heritability indices: chest depth (53.3%), width of loin in pin bones (42.7%) and body length (30.8%), as well as fat content of milk (22.4%) and index of productivity (21.9%). The lowest heritability indices are the hip length (8.3%) and rump length (8.9%). We selected three servicing Vis Back Ideal bulls with the largest number of daughters. The “father” factor had varying impact on the biological factors and varied from 10.6% to 21.1% for parameters characterising milk-producing ability and from 6.5% to 28.9% for performance.