The new, stringent controls on the permitted sulfur content of fuel oils are a consequence of numerous environmental and health issues that have been created in the past. Relying solely on the traditional method of hydro-desulphurization (HDS) will result in significant cost increases because of the modifications required to the HDS unit, which include the addition of costly hydrogen and the use of expensive noble catalysts. As a result, newer technologies for processing ultra-low sulfur fuels are needed. Researchers are proposing novel methods and approaches to accomplish this goal. The purpose of this research is to investigate the important role played by ionic liquids in alternative desulfurization methods. including their function as an extractor, catalyst, or both, and their evolution has been rapid over the last few decades. To gain a thorough understanding of the subject, the different approaches, the ILs Interaction mechanism, and the effects of reaction conditions on liquid fuel desulfurization are also briefly discussed. We presented the most effective and dependable IL-based desulfurization techniques and discovered that ionic liquids have a high removal efficiency of sulphur compounds from model fuels but a lower efficiency than from real fuels.
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