The study is case control done to investigate the histological alterations of the liver, spleen, and lung in the experimental male mice after trigger infection with Crptococcus neoformans microorganism which isolated from the sputum samples of patients returning to Tikrit Teaching Hospital who suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis from both genders, with ages ranged 15-82 yrs. The 63 samples were taken from patient who have candida infection and cultured on brain Infusion Agar/Broth to isolate the organism. This study included 4 groups of mice that expirmentallyinfected with the organism. Then a histological sample taken to observe the pathological tissue alteration in the liver, spleen and lung. The liver samples show presence of extensive degeneration in the hepatocytes, with notifying enlargement of hepatocyte and their nuclei, thickening in the nuclei and the appearance of numbers of cells in which the nuclei did not appear or appear ghostly. Coffer cells are presented in the hematologic sinuses between the hepatocytes, all the central veins branches of the portal vein are look like completely devoid of blood as no blood found in them, in compared to the control group. The spleen histological changes are severe necrosis of blood sinuses that appeared devoid of blood, infiltration of white blood cells. The histological changes in the lung show exfoliation of the columnar epithelial cells of the bronchi, heavy infiltration of the inflammatory white blood cells, severe blood congestion.

1.
Al-hussainy
,
A.
(
2014
).
Isolation and identification of dermatophytes fungi from under two year children in diaper location
.
19
(
3
):
98
110
.
2.
Alwan
,
M.J.
and
Aziz
,
M.M.
(
2012
). Isolation and identification of Candida species from urogenital tract infections of women in Baghdad city, Zoonotic unit,
College of Veterinary Medicine
,
University of Baghdad
,
Iraq
. Pp:
115
119
.
3.
Atlas
,
R.M.
(
1995
).
Principle of Microbiology
. 1st ed.
Mosby year book. Inc
.
4.
Berila
N
,
Hyroššová
P
,
Subík
J
(
2011
)
Oxidative stress response and virulence factors in Candida glabrata clinical isolates
.
Folia Microbiol (Praha)
56
(
2
):
116
.
5.
Bordon–Pallier
,
F.
;
Julian
,
N.
and
Haesslein
,
J.
(
2003
).
The cell cycle of pathogenic fungi: Target for drugs
.
Progress in cell cycle research.
5
:
81
90
.
6.
Chandler
,
F.W.
;
Kaplan
,
W.
and
Ajello
,
L.
(
2000
).
A study on pathogenic yeasts and their role in degeneration of mice tissues
.
J. Mycol.
44
:
43
49
.
7.
Coleman
,
D.
and
Haynes
,
K.A.
(
1998
).
Importance of Candida species other than Candida albicans as opportunistic pathogen
.
Med. Mycol.
36
:
123
128
.
8.
Davise
,
H. L.
(
1995
).
Medically important fungi
. 3th ed.
Washington
.
American Society for Microbiology
.
9.
Dongmei
,
C.
(
2011
).
Atlas of histology with functional and clinical correlations
. 1st. ed.,
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Baltimore
,
Philadelphia
.
10.
Dupont
,
H.
;
Montraves
,
P.
;
Mohler
,
J.
and
Carbon
,
C.
(
1998
).
Disparate finding on the role of virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida spp. In mouse and rat models of peritonitis
.
Infect. Immun.
66
(
6
):
2570
2575
.
11.
Ellepola
,
A.N.
and
Somavanayake
,
L.P.
(
1998
).
The effect of limited exposure to antifungal agents on the germ tube formation of oral Candida albicans
.
J. Oral. Pathol. Med.
27
:
213
219
.
12.
Emmons
,
C.W.
;
Binford
,
C.H.
and
Utz
,
J.P.
(
1974
). Candidiasis.
In medical Mycology. Lea and Fibiger
. 2nd ed.
Philadelphia
.
13.
S.N. and
Snow
,
C.L.
(
2003
).
Candidiasis and its relationship with some physiological cases: An epidemiological study
.
Microbiology.
115
:
614
689
.
14.
Fidel
,
P.L.
Vazquez
,
J.A.
and
Sobel
,
J.D.
(
1999
).
Candida glabrata: Review of Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical disease with comparison to C. albicans
.
Clinical Microbiology Review.
12
:
80
96
.
15.
Francois
,
L.M.
;
Duncan
,
W.
and
Bernhard
,
H.
(
2013
).
Candida albicans pathogenicity mechanisms.
4
(
2
):
119
128
.
16.
Iwata
,
K.
;
Uchida
,
K.
;
Hmajima
,
K.
and
Kamamura
,
A.
(
1984
).
Role of canditoxin in experimental
Candida infections. J. Med. Bio.
27
:
130
133
. J. Ann. Inter. Med. 8: 12–15.
17.
Junqueira
,
L.C.
and
Carneiro
,
J.
(
2005
).
Basic histology: text and atlas
. 11th.ed.,
McGraw Hill/ Lange
,
New York
.
18.
Kalkanci
A
,
Güzel
AB
,
Khalil
II
,
Aydin
M
,
Ilkit
M
,
Kuştimur
S
(
2012
)
Yeast vaginitis during pregnancy: susceptibility testing of 13 antifungal drugs and boric acid and the detection of four virulence factors
.
Med Mycol
50
(
6
):
585
.
19.
Kothavade
,
R.J.
and
Panthaki
,
M.H.
(
1998
).
Evaluation of phospholipase activity of Candida albicans pathogenicity in mice
.
Med. Microbiol.
47
:
99
102
.
20.
Kumar
,
M.B.
and
Edward
,
C.K.
(
2014
).
Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology
,
Elisever
.
6
7
.
21.
Leberer
,
E.
;
Zeigelbour
,
K.
;
Schmidt
,
A.
;
Harcus
,
D.
;
Dignard
,
D.
;
Ash
,
J.
;
Johnson
,
L.
and
Thomas
,
D.
(
1997
).
Virulence and hyphal formation of Candida albicans require the Ste 20-like protein kinase CaCl 4p
.
Biol.
7
:
539
546
.
22.
Lipperheide
,
V.
;
Bikandi
,
J.
;
Garcia-Fernandez
,
J.F.
;
Quindos
,
G.
and
Pontn
,
J.
(
2002
).
Colony variation in Candida glabrata isolates from patients with vaginitis
.
Rev. Mycol.
19
:
161
164
.
23.
Dongei
,
C.
(
2011
).
Atlas of histology with functional and clinical correlations
. 1st. ed.,
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Baltimore
,
Philadelphia
.
24.
Marcos-Arias
C
,
Eraso
E
,
Madariaga
L
,
Aguirre
JM
,
Quindós
G
(
2011
)
Phospholipase and proteinase activities of Candida isolates from denture wearers
.
Mycoses
54
(
4
).
25.
Negroni
R.
(
2012
).
Cryptococcosis. Clinics in dermatology
,
30
(
6
),
599
609
.
26.
Nester
,
E.W.
;
Anderson
,
D.G.
;
Roberts
,
C.E.
;
Pearsall
,
N.N.
and
Nester
,
M.T.
(
2001
).
Microbiology
. 3rd. ed.
McGraw-Hill
,
Boston
.
27.
Pakurar
,
A.S.
and
Bigbee
,
J.W.
(
2004
).
Digital histology: an interactive CD atlas with review text
.
Wiley–Liss
,
New Jersey, USA
.
28.
Park
BJ
,
Wannemuehler
KA
, (
2009
),
Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS
.
AIDS.
Feb 20;
23
(
4
):
525
30
.
29.
Rex
,
J.H.
;
Hwalsh
,
T.J.
;
Sobel
,
S.G.
;
Filler
,
P.G.
;
Pappas
,
W.E.
;
Dismukes
,
T.W.
and
Edwards
,
J.E.
(
2000
).
Practice guide lines for the treatment of Candidiasis
.
Clin. Infect. Dis.
30
:
662
678
.
30.
Rex
,
J.H.
;
Pfller
,
M.A.
;
Walsh
,
T.J.
;
Gosey
,
L.L.
and
Odds
,
F.C.
(
2001
).
Focus: Antifungal susceptibility testing: Practical aspects and current challenges
.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.
14
(
4
):
643
658
.
31.
Ross
,
M.H.
and
Pawlina
,
W.
(
2011
).
Histology: a text and atlas
. 6th. ed.,
Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
,
Philadelphia
.
32.
Silva
S
,
Henriques
M
,
Oliveira
R
,
Williams
D
,
Azeredo
J
(
2010
)
In vitro biofilmactivity of non-Candida albicans Candida species
.
Curr Microbiol
61
:
534
.
33.
Silva
S
,
Negri
M
,
Henriques
M
,
Oliveira
R
,
Williams
DW
,
Azeredo
J
(
2012
)
Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance
.
FEMSMicrobiol Rev
36
(
2
):
288
305
.
34.
Simon
,
F.
;
Kieren
,
A.
;
Janet
,
F.
and
Dionysios
,
N.
(
2014
).
Epidemiology of Candida kefyr in patients with Hematologic Malignancies
.
J. Clin. Microbiology.
52
(
6
):
1830
1837
.
35.
Vandenbussche
,
S.N.
and
Snow
,
C.L.
(
2003
).
Candidiasis and its relationship with some physiological cases: An epidemiological study
.
Microbiology.
115
:
614
689
.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.