The risk of up normal values of two parameters obesity and vitamin D in incidence of coronavirus disease-19 among Iraqi patients

The new epidemic of coronavirus disease-19 outbreak has caused rapid morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and health parameters have been proposed to influence disease progression. Among these parameters are index of body mass (BMI) and D vitamin. 86 patients with same number of control were studied( case-control) to find the relationship between the BMI, vitamin D and risk of COVID-19. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) serum level was estimated by ELISA. Results revealed that the age mean value was elevated significantly in cases compared to normal persons, and 50% of patients were 50 years of age or older. patients BMI were higher significantly in comparison with controls, and most of patients were overweight/obese (76.7%). The Vitamin D level decreased in patients significantly compared to control, and most of patients were severely-deficient (75.6%). Logistic-regression-analysis depicted a high risk of COVID-19 in.obese cases (OR= 26.39; 95% interval of confidence [CI]: 7.02–99.24; p<0.001), and in patients with severe deficient in vitamin D (OR=13.34; 95% CI: 6.32–28.19;<0.001). Moreover, overweight/obese patients severely deficient in vitamin D were at high risk of developing COVID-19 infection (OR=230.55; 95% CI: 43.98– 1208.67; p<0.001). Curve analysis of ROC(Receiver-operating-characteristic) showed that BMI and vitamin D occupied under curve significant area (0.770 and 0.864, respectively). In conclusions, the study indicated that individuals who were overweight/obese and severely deficient in vitamin D were more susceptible to develop COVID-19.