A low-cost real-time photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has been developed by replacing the sophisticated laser and transducer with a very low-energy diode laser and a condenser microphone. In this configuration, the scanning process can be performed in real-time. The imaging and the measurement results show a contrast image with a lateral resolution of 135 µm. Although there are some limitations needed to be dealt with, the sample images obtained are adequate. Thus, our PAM with real-time scanning capability using low-cost equipment is feasible.
REFERENCES
1.
E.
Bossy
and S.
Gigan
, Photoacoustics
4
, 22
–35
(2016
).2.
A.
Hariri
, A.
Fatima
, N.
Mohammadian
, S.
Mahmoodkalayeh
, M. A.
Ansari
, N.
Bely
, and M. R. N.
Avanaki
, J. Biomed. Opt.
22
, 1
–8
(2017
).3.
W.
Liu
and J.
Yao
, Biomed. Eng. Lett.
8
, 203
–213
(2018
).4.
L. V.
Wang
and S.
Hu
, Science
335
, 1458
–1462
(2012
).5.
S-R.
Kothapalli
, T-J.
Ma
, S.
Vaithilingam
, Ö.
Oralkan
, B. T.
Khuri-Yakub
, and S. S.
Gambhir
, IEEE. Trans. Biomed. Eng.
59
, 1199
–1204
(2012
).6.
L. V.
Wang
and L.
Gao
, Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.
16
, 155
–185
(2014
).7.
M. A.
Pleitez
, T.
Lieblein
, A.
Bauer
, O.
Hertzberg
, H. v.
Lilienfeld-Toal
, and W.
Mantele
, Anal. Chem.
85
, 1013
–1020
(2013
).8.
J.
Kottmann
, J. M.
Rey
, and M. W.
Sigrist
, Sensors
16
, 1
–14
(2016
).9.
C.
Fang
, H.
Hu
, and J.
Zou
, IEEE Sens. J.
20
, 2313
–2319
(2020
).10.
B.
Dong
, C.
Sun
, and H. F.
Zhang
, IEEE. Trans. Biomed. Eng.
64
, 4
–15
(2017
).11.
A.
Dangi
, S.
Agrawal
, J.
Lieberknecht
, J.
Zhang
, and S-R.
Kothapalli
, "Ring Ultrasound Transducer Based Miniaturized Photoacoustic Imaging System," in 2018 IEEE SENSORS
, (IEEE
, New Delhi
, 2018
), pp. 1
–4
.12.
K.
Sivasubramanian
, V.
Periyasamy
, R. A.
Dienzo
, and M.
Pramanik
, J. Biophotonics
11
, e201700317
(2018
).13.
T.
Wang
, S.
Nandy
, H. S.
Salehi
, P. D.
Kumavor
, and Q.
Zhu
, Biomed. Opt. Express
5
, 3053
–3058
(2014
).14.
Q.
Yao
, Y.
Ding
, G.
Liu
, and L.
Zeng
, J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.
10
, 1730003
(2017
).15.
T. J.
Allen
and P. C.
Beard
, Biomed. Opt. Express
7
, 1260
–1270
(2016
).16.
A.
Elia
, P. M.
Lugara
, Sensors
9
, 9616
–9628
(2009
).17.
B.
Cheng
, J.
Lei
, and H.
Xiao
, Opt. Laser Technol.
115
, 459
–464
(2019
).18.
A.
Setiawan
, G. B.
Suparta
, Mitrayana
, W.
Nugroho
, Int. J. Technol.
1
, 159
–169
(2018
).19.
G.
Matua
, T. W.
Widodo
, and M.
Mitrayana
, Indonesian J. Electron. Instrum. Syst.
9
, 149
–160
(2017
).20.
X.
Wen
, O. C.
Au
, J.
Xu
, L.
Fang
, R.
Cha
, and J.
Li
, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol.
21
, 206
–219
(2011
).21.
C. D.
Tran
and T. M.
Mututuvari
, Langmuir
31
, 1516
–1526
(2015
).22.
S. A.
Telenkova
, R.
Alwi
, and A.
Mandelis
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
84
, 104907
(2013
).23.
P. K.
Upputuri
and M.
Pramanik
, Biomed. Opt. Express
6
, 4118
–4129
(2015
).24.
A.
Hariri
, A.
Fatima
, N.
Mohammadian
, N.
Bely
, and M.
Nasiriavanaki
, "Towards low-cost photoacoustic Microscopy system for evaluation of skin health," in Imaging Spectrometry XXI, SPIE Proceedings
9976
, edited by J. F.
Silny
and E. J.
Ientilucci
(SPIE
, San Diego, CA
, 2016
) p. 99760X
.25.
26.
S.
Ahmad
, B.Sc. thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada
, Yogyakarta
, 2020
.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2022 Author(s).
2022
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
