Algorithms for detecting vessel spoofing of space-based AIS data

Nowadays, nearly all things sold worldwide are transported through sea using ships. It’s mean that maritime has a big role impact on human life in the world. However, the increase of maritime mobilities comes also with various issues from transshipment, oil spilling, until hijacking. Initially, a device such as Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been widely deployed and used to provide a cooperative position report for marine communication but nowadays it is also deployed to overcome the issues. In recent work, AIS is also installed on the satellite as space-based AIS to get worldwide coverage. The data have shown that falsification of AIS messages is possible, and therefore could mask or favor illegal actions, lead to disturbance of monitoring systems and new maritime risks. This paper presents these new threats and introduces a novel algorithm for detecting spoofing. The algorithm is quite straight forward by comparing vessel displacement and distance. Some variances are introduced to produce the best algorithm. The area of interest for this research is Indonesia with longitude from 95° to 141° and latitude -11° to 6°. AIS data from LAPAN-A2 and LAPAN-A3 satellites are used with ranged from January 1, 2019 until June 30, 2019. From this research, the best algorithm was achieved by using an average speed with constant tolerance of 61.596 km.