Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) is an endemic, unique yet endangered plant species found in China. In addition to its beautiful showy flowers, O. acuminata (Gagnep.) has great ecological, environmental, economic and social value. However, O. acuminata (Gagnep.) is subject to multiple stressors, including but not limiting to water pollution, habitat loss and climate change, resulting in gradual extinction in many localities. Also, although effective conservation of the extant O. acuminata (Gagnep.) wild populations is urgently needed, our knowledge in regard to the general ecology of this endangered species remains very limited. The main objective of the present study is to review the available literature covering certain bio-ecological aspects of O. acuminata (Gagnep.), such as its physiological and ecological traits when being subject to different environmental or experimental conditions. Also, ecological benefits and economic value of O. acuminata (Gagnep.) is discussed, and we provide some suggestions on the conservation and management of this precious resource plant from the perspective of sustainable development.

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