X-ray analysis of BaTiO₃ ceramics by Williamson-Hall and size strain plot methods Available to Purchase

BaTiO₃(BTO) ceramics were prepared by a sol-gel auto combustion method. Barium nitrate and Titanyl nitrate used as starting precursors and citric acid used as a chelating agent. BaTiO₃ ceramics were synthesized at calcination temperature of 900°C for 2h and sintered at 1100°C for 1h. The crystalline Tetragonal phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction results. The Williamson–Hall (W–H) method and size–strain method to evaluate the size of crystallites and strain in the BaTiO₃ ceramics’ peak broadening were applied. Physical parameters such as strain values were calculated for all XRD reflection peaks corresponding to the Tetragonal phase of BaTiO₃ in the range of 20–80°C from the W–H plot and by the size–strain plot (SSP) method. The calculated crystallite size of developed BaTiO₃ Nanoparticles by scherrer method, modified scherrer method, Williamson-Hall plot and size strain plot comes out to be 56.4nm, 62.4 nm, 72.7 nm, 62.1 nm respectively. The crystal size of the BaTiO₃ ceramics calculated on the SSP method are in good agreement with the modified scherrer and Scherrer method.