Physical and spectral characterizations of Cu²⁺ ions doped 19.9 CdO + xLi₂O + (30−x) Na₂O+50 B₂O₃ borate glasses

Functional materials of borate glasses assorted with cadmium, mixed with alkali materials (x% Li₂O, (30-x) Na₂O) and doped with 0.1 mol% of CuO are synthesized through melt quenching at room temperature. In this study how the nonlinear variations are occurred in the physical, structural and spectral parameters. Physical parameters like average oxide electronic polarizability α°²⁻, optical basicity α, Yamashita–Kurosawa’s interaction parameter A and non linear Optical susceptibility α of synthesized glassy materials have been calculated. When these parameters correlated each other with Li₂O content these parameters varied in parenthetic manner which portrayed the Mixed Alkali Effect (MAE). X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) confirms the amorphic nature of the glassy system. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the assimilated glasses revealed resonance signals in the region of g = 2.2575 and calculated consequent bonding parameters. By correlating Optical and EPR studies Cu²⁺ ions are occupied in host glass interstitial as tetragonally distorted octahedral site symmetry. FTIR spectra of Cu²⁺ doped glasses demonstrate the vibrational band assignments of BO₃ and BO₄ groups.