This paper presents a numerical membrane model of traditional musical instrument kompang that will be used to find the parameter of membrane tension of x-ray membrane representing the classical goat-skin membrane of kompang. In this study, the experiment towards the kompang is first conducted in an acoustical anechoic enclosure and in parallel a mathematical model of the kompang membrane is developed to simulate the vibration of the kompang membrane in polar coordinate by implementing Fourier-Bessel wave function. The wave equation in polar direction in mode 0,1 is applied to provide the corresponding natural frequencies of the circular membrane. The value of initial and boundary conditions in the function is determined from experiment to allow the correct development of numerical equation. The numerical mathematical model is coded in SMath for the accurate numerical analysis as well as the plotting tool. Two kompang membrane cases with different membrane materials, i.e. goat skin and x-ray film membranes with fixed radius of 0.1 m are used in the experiment. An alternative of kompang’s membrane made of x-ray film with the appropriate tension setting can be used to represent the sound of traditional goat-skin kompang. The tension setting of the membrane to resemble the goat-skin is 24N. An effective numerical tool has been develop to help kompang maker to set the tension of x-ray membrane. In the future application, any tradional kompang with different size can be replaced by another membrane material if the tension is set to the correct tension value. The developed numerical tool is useful and handy to calculate the tension of the alternative membrane material.

1.
Abdullah
,
Mohd
Hassan
,
2005
.
Kompang
:
an organological and ethnomusicological study of a Malay frame drum
.
2.
Avanzini
,
F.
, &
Marogna
,
R.
,
2010
.
A modular physically based approach to the sound synthesis of membrane percussion instruments
.
The Journal of Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, IEEE Transactions on
,
18
(
4
),
891
902
.
3.
Baricz.
,
2010
.
Generalized Bessel functions of the first kind
.
Springer
.
4.
Bertsch
,
M.
2001
.
Vibration patterns and sound analysis of the Viennese Timpani
.
Proceedings ISMA
.
5.
Chaigne
,
A.
,
Touzé
,
C.
&
Thomas
,
O.
,
2005
.
Nonlinear vibrations and chaos in gongs and cymbals Acoustical science and technology
,
Acoustical Society of Japan
, 2005,
26
,
403
409
.
6.
Bilbao
,
S.
, &
Webb
,
C.
,
2012
.
Timpani drum synthesis in 3D on GPGPUs
.
Proc. of the 15th Int. Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx-12)
,
York, United Kingdom
.
7.
Christopher
H. M. J.
, &
Umesh
A. K.
,
2006
.
Membrane vibration experiments: An historical review and recent results
.
The Journal of Sound and Vibration
,
295
(
3
),
602
613
.
8.
Dow
, &
Julian
A.T.
,
1998
. A unified approach to the finite element method and error analysis procedures.
Academic Press
.
9.
Ferguson
,
S.
(
2006
).
Learning musical instrument skills through interactive sonification
.
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on New interfaces for musical expression, IRCAM - Centre Pompidou
,
384
389
.
10.
Fletcher
,
N.
, &
Rossing
,
T.
,
2012
.
The physics of musical instruments
.
Springer Science & Business Media
.
11.
Golzari
,
S.
, &
Doraisamy
,
S.
, &
Sulaiman
,
M.
, &
Udzir
,
N.
, &
Norowi
,
N.
,
2008
.
Artificial Immune Recognition System with Nonlinear Resource Allocation Method and Application to Traditional Malay Music Genre Classification
.
5132
,
132
141
.
12.
Ismail
,
A.
,
Samad
,
S.A.
,
Hussain
,
A.
,
Azhari
,
C.H.
,
Zainal
,
M.R.M.
,
2006
.
Analysis of the sound of the kompang for computer music synthesis, SCOReD 2006
-
Proceedings of 2006 4th Student Conference on Research and Development “Towards Enhancing Research Excellence in the Region
4339316
,
95
98
.
13.
Karjalainen
,
M.
, &
Backman
,
J.
, &
Polkki
,
J.
,
1993
.
Analysis, Modeling, and Real-time Sound Synthesis of the Kantele, a Traditional Finnish String Instrument
.
Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing: Plenary, Special, Audio, Underwater Acoustics, VLSI, Neural Networks
- Volume
I
.
Washington, DC
:
IEEE Computer Society
,
229
232
.
14.
Morse
,
Philip McCord
and
Morse
,
Philip McCord
and
Morse
, &
Philip
McCord
.,
1948
.
Vibration and sound
.
McGraw-Hill
New York
.
15.
Nguyen
D. M.
, &
Anton
E.
, &
Allan
R. G.
, &
Jens
G.
,
2011
.
Isogeometric shape optimization of vibrating membranes
.
Journal of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
,
200
(
13
),
1343
1353
.
16.
Ono
,
T.
, &
Takahashi
,
I
,. &
Takasu
,
Y.
, &
Miura
,
Y.
, &
Watanabe
,
U.
,
2009
.
Acoustic characteristics of Wadaiko (traditional Japanese drum) with wood plastic shell
.
The Journal of Acoustical Science and Technology
,
30
(
6
),
410
416
.
17.
Rhaouti
,
L.
,
Chaigne
,
A.
, &
Joly
,
P.
,
1999
.
Time-domain modeling and numerical simulation of a kettledrum
.
The Journal of Acoustical Society of America
,
105
(
6
),
3545
3562
.
18.
Rossing
,
T. D.
,
Bork
,
I.
,
Zhao
,
H.
, &
Fystrom
,
D. O.
,
1992
.
Acoustics of snare drums
.
The Journal of Acoustical Society of America
,
92
(
1
),
84
94
.
19.
Salehi
,
M.
, &
Kadim
,
I.
, &
Mahgoub
,
O.
, &
Negahdari
,
Sh.
, &
Naeeni
,
RS
Eshraghi
.,
2014
.
Effects of type, sex and age on goat skin and leather characteristics
.
The Journal of Animal Production Science
,
54
(
5
),
638
644
.
20.
Siswanto
,
W.A.
,
Che Wahab
,
W.M.A.
,
Yahya
,
M.N.
,
Ismail
,
A.E.
,
Nawi
,
I.
,
2014
.
A platform for digital reproduction sound of traditional musical instrument Kompang
,
Applied Mechanics and Materials
,
660
,
823
827
.
21.
Siswanto
,
W. A.
;
Tam
,
L.
&
Kasron
,
M. Z.
,
2012
.
Sound Characteristics and Sound Prediction of the Traditional Musical Instrument the Three-Rattle Angklung International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration
,
Int Inst Acoustics & Vibration Auburn Univ, Mechanical Engineering Dept
,
270 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA, 2012
,
17
,
120
126
22.
Soedel
,
W.
,
2004
.
Vibrations of shells and plates
(3rd ed.).
CRC Press
.
23.
Torin
,
A.
, &
Bilbao
,
S.
,
2013
.
Numerical experiments with non-linear double membrane drums
.
Proceedings of the Stockholm Musical Acoustics Conference/Sound and Music Computing Conference
.
24.
Wieczorkowska
,
A.
,
1999
.
Rough Sets As A Tool for Audio Signal Classification
.
Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
.
London. UK
:
Springer-Verlag
,
367
375
.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.