Pickup ion mediated plasmas: Shock wave structure

Energetic particles such as pickup ions, solar energetic particles, or cosmic rays play an important role in determining shock structure. Cosmic-ray modified shocks were discussed by Axford et al. [2]. Jokipii and Williams [8] considered the effect of cosmic ray viscosity on the structure of cold thermal gas shocks mediated by cosmic rays. In the present paper, we consider a background thermal gas of arbitrary temperature to extend their work. The Zank et al. [7] model is used to determine the shock structure when energetic particle collisionless heat flux and viscosity is included.