Steering abilities of a typical HIFU therapeutic array operated in linear and nonlinear regimes were compared using numerical simulation with the 3D Westervelt equation. The array included 256 elements of 1.2 MHz frequency and 6.6 mm diameter distributed in a quasi-random pattern over a spherical shell with a 130 mm aperture and a focal length of 120 mm. In the case of linear focusing, thermal effects are proportional to the intensity level and the criterion for safe array operation is that the intensity in the grating lobes should be less than 10% of the intensity in the main focus. In the case of nonlinear focusing, the heating effect is no longer proportional to intensity; therefore the heat deposition rate was chosen as the relevant metric, using the same 10% threshold for the secondary lobe in comparison with the focal maximum. When steering the focus, the same linearly predicted intensity level at the main focus was maintained by increasing the array power. Numerical simulations of the acoustic field were performed for nonlinear propagation both in water and in tissue. It was shown that for shock-forming conditions in the main focus, the steering range of safe electronic focusing is larger than that for linear propagation conditions. Nonlinear sonication regimes therefore can be used to enlarge tissue volumes that can be sonicated using electronic steering of the focus of HIFU arrays.
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28 October 2015
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS: 20th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics including the 2nd International Sonic Boom Forum
29 June–3 July 2015
Écully, France
Research Article|
October 28 2015
Enhanced focus steering abilities of multi-element therapeutic arrays operating in nonlinear regimes
P. Yuldashev;
P. Yuldashev
a)
1Physics Faculty,
Moscow State University
, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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S. Ilyin;
S. Ilyin
1Physics Faculty,
Moscow State University
, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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L. Gavrilov;
L. Gavrilov
2
Andreyev Acoustics Institute
, 4 Schvernik Str., 117036 Moscow, Russian Federation
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O. Sapozhnikov;
O. Sapozhnikov
1Physics Faculty,
Moscow State University
, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
3Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory,
University of Washington
, 1013 NE 40th, Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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W. Kreider;
W. Kreider
3Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory,
University of Washington
, 1013 NE 40th, Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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V. Khokhlova
V. Khokhlova
1Physics Faculty,
Moscow State University
, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
3Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory,
University of Washington
, 1013 NE 40th, Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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a)
Corresponding author: [email protected]
AIP Conf. Proc. 1685, 040005 (2015)
Citation
P. Yuldashev, S. Ilyin, L. Gavrilov, O. Sapozhnikov, W. Kreider, V. Khokhlova; Enhanced focus steering abilities of multi-element therapeutic arrays operating in nonlinear regimes. AIP Conf. Proc. 28 October 2015; 1685 (1): 040005. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4934400
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