Spontaneous bond orientational ordering in liquids: An intimate link between glass transition and crystallization Available to Purchase

The origin of slow dynamics near glass transition and the mechanism of crystal nucleation are two unsolved fundamental problems associated with the metastable supercooled state of a liquid. So far these phenomena have been considered rather independently, however, we have revealed an intimate link between them. Recently we found that crystallike bond orientational order develops in the supercooled state of (nearly) single-component systems such as spin liquids and weakly polydisperse colloidal liquids. In these liquids, low free-energy configurations in a supercooled liquid have a link to the rotational symmetry which is going to be broken upon crystallization. We argue that this is a direct consequence of that the same free energy governs both glass transition and crystallization at least in this type of liquids. We found that it is such structural ordering at least in this type of liquids that causes glassy slow dynamics and dynamic heterogeneity. Furthermore, we revealed that such structural order also plays a crucial role in crystal nucleation: Crystallization is a process of the enhancement of spatial coherence of crystal-like bond orientational order and ‘not’ driven by translational order at least in the nucleation stage. These results clearly indicate that the theoretical description at the two-body level is not enough to describe these phenomena and it is crucial to take into account many body correlations, particularly, bond orientational correlations. We argue that there is an intrinsic link between glass transition and crystallization if crystallization does not accompany other processes such as phase separation. If crystallization involves phase separation, on the other hand, such a direct link may be lost. We speculate that even in such a case glassy structural order may still be associated with low free-energy local configurations.