Design of Natural Hydroxyapatite as bio‐composite ceramics (HAP): Experimental and Numerical Study

Hydroxyapatite (HAP—$Ca10(PO4)6$ $(OH)2),$ which exhibits excellent biocompatibility in the body, is one of the most widely used bioactive ceramics for biomedical applications. Along with the ability to carry the load, one of the most important properties of materials used for bone replacement is biocompatibility. In fact, HAP is a bioactive material and it can incorporate into bone structures, supporting bone in‐growth without breaking down or dissolving, and it interacts with the living tissue due to the presence of free calcium and phosphate compounds. Generally, $Al2O3$ powder is added to HAP powder in order to obtain high fracture toughness. $Al2O3$ has good mechanical properties as compared with HAP, and exhibits extremely high stability with human tissues [1–6]. In this paper, the effect of microwave sintering temperature on the relative density, hardness, and phase purity of compacted bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) powder was reported. This research is a comprehensive attempt to develop Hydroxyapatite bio composite ceramics reinforced with alumina—$Al2O3,$ pure titanium and pure pulverised boron powder. A Finite Element (FEM) analysis is also used for modelling to simulate the macroscopic behaviour of this material, taking into account the relevant microscopic scales.