Spin Modes, Neutrino‐Induced Reactions and Nucleosynthesis in Stars

Recent advances in shell model calculations of spin modes in nuclei with the use of new shell model Hamiltonians are discussed. Important roles of tensor interaction in shell evolutions toward drip‐lines are pointed out. Electromagnetic transitions in exotic carbon isotopes are investigated. Anomalous supressions of transition strengths in the isotopes are found to be rather well explained. Neutrino‐induced reactions on $56Fe$ and $56Ni$ are studied, and implications on production yields of heavy elements in stars are discussed.