In this paper, we give an intuitive and self-contained introduction to quantum computing and use the IBM Quantum platform for running concrete examples of superposition, entanglement, and teleportation.
Quantum computing is a modern development of old scientific ideas, going back more than 100 years, on laws governing microscopic objects. These laws, known today as quantum mechanics, include two fundamental principles, superposition and entanglement, essential in building quantum computers. Superposition means that a particle can exist simultaneously in multiple states. Entanglement is a special quantum state in which two or more particles can influence each other no matter how far apart.
In the next section, we introduce qubits, and in the following section, we introduce quantum gates and circuits; we discuss the single-qubit gates X, Z, and H together with the CNOT gate, arguably the most essential two-qubit quantum gate. We then have sections on entanglement and one-qubit...
