Students often struggle in AP Physics 1 because they have not been previously trained to develop qualitative arguments. Extensive literature on multiple representations and qualitative reasoning provides strategies to address this challenge. Table I presents three examples, including SiQuENC, which I adapted from a strategy promoted by Etkina et al. To remind students that they can use qualitative reasoning (e.g., arguing from proportionalities), rather than relying only on algebra, I replaced “Solve” with “Analyze.” I added a “Communicate” step to guide planning of written responses to AP Physics 1 and 2 questions. To perform this step, draw a circled number around each key point identified in figures, equations, and sentence fragments. Then, convert numbered points into sentences.

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5.
The College Board
,
AP Physics 1: The Exam
, https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-physics-1/exam.
6.
The College Board
,
AP Physics 2: The Exam
, https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-physics-2/exam.
7.
The College Board
,
AP Physics C: Mechanics: The Exam
, https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-physics-c-mechanics/exam.
8.
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The paragraph-length response in AP Physics 1 and 2
,” https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/ap/paragraph-length-response.pdf.
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