Each year our physical science class for pre-service elementary teachers launches water-powered rockets based on the activity from NASA.1 We analyze the rocket flight using data from frame-by-frame video analysis of the launches. Before developing the methods presented in this paper, we noticed our students were mired in calculation details while losing sight of physical concepts. Sloppy measurements and calculations (even when using spreadsheets with formulas provided) sometimes led to such poor results that physical concepts could not be reliably taught from the data, but students were unmotivated to either notice or correct their errors. We adopted a collaborative, computer supported approach using simple and easily available functions in Google Spreadsheets to pool observations, provide instant feedback, and publicly display results from all teams side-by-side in real time. These instant comparisons promote student accountability and engagement, inspiring them to think more carefully about why answers may be different and notice sloppy data or unlikely outcomes—in short, to facilitate and motivate expert thinking about data.

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In a typical introductory physics class in the nation, 85% of the students have taken some form of high school physics (P. M. Sadler and R. H. Tai, “Success in introductory college physics: The role of high school preparation,” J. Res. Sci. Teach. 42, 111–136). In PHSC 170, only 35% have, and most of those took a physical science course targeted towards non-science students. In terms of math, 20% report that math “terrifies” them.
7.
For further information on the experimental design, see Appendix A at TPT Online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4820858.
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See Appendix A for details about inter-rater reliability.
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See Appendix A for technique to calculate statistical significance.
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See Appendix B at TPT Online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4820858 for further discussion of the appropriate use of conditional formatting.
12.
See Appendix C at TPT Online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4820858.
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