Understanding energy usage is crucial to understanding modern civilization, as well as many of the challenges it faces. Energy-related issues also offer real-world examples of important physical concepts, and as such have been the focus of several articles in The Physics Teacher in the past few decades (e.g., Refs. 1–5, noted further below). Here, I illustrate how a basic understanding of kinetic energy—a topic encountered early in any introductory physics course—enables significant insights into the nature of automobile transportation. Specifically, we can accurately predict how much power the average driver in the United States uses, and explain what determines this, without needing to consider any aspects of mechanical engineering or engine design.

1.
F. M.
Goldberg
, “
Friction in a moving car
,”
Phys. Teach.
13
,
234
236
(
April 1975
).
2.
G.
Waring
, “
Energy and the automobile
,”
Phys. Teach.
18
,
494
503
(
Oct. 1980
).
3.
J. E.
Farr
, “
Determining the air drag on a car
,”
Phys. Teach.
21
,
320
321
(
May 1983
).
4.
C. M.
Graney
, “
A treasure trove of physics from a common source — Automobile acceleration data
,”
Phys. Teach.
43
,
506
509
(
Nov. 2005
).
5.
S.
Fisher
and
P.
Gluck
, “
An exercise in vehicle kinematics and energetics
,”
Phys. Teach.
47
,
137
141
(
March 2009
).
6.
D. J. C.
MacKay
,
Sustainable Energy — Without the Hot Air
(
UIT
,
Cambridge, UK
,
2009
) www.withouthotair.com.
7.
H.
Tennekes
,
The Simple Science of Flight: From Insects to Jumbo Jets
(
MIT Press
,
Cambridge, MA
,
1997
).
8.
Engine power and top-speed specifications for many cars can be collected from both print and online sources. A complete list of the vehicle models, data, and sources used for Fig. 2 is provided as supplemental material for this paper, available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4752039. Most of the data are from Car and Driver magazine and www.carfolio.com. A large number of contemporary cars and trucks have internally limited maximum speeds, so that the top speed is not the drag limited speed of the vehicle, prohibiting usage of these vehicles' specifications in the analysis presented here. This information on speed limiters is not noted at www.carfolio.com and must be searched for separately. In print, Car and Driver lists whether the top speeds of vehicles tested are drag limited or “governor limited.” Data on SUVs are mostly taken from www.carfolio. com and www.carspecdirectory.com. The latter contains some nonsensical data; the reader should use caution. In converting units, it is useful to note that 1 horsepower equals 0.746 kilowatt, and 1 mile per hour equals 1.61 kilometers per hour.
9.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_drag_coefficient. Sources are provided at the end of the article.
10.
R. A.
Serway
and
J. W.
Jewett
,
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
, Vol.
1
(
Cenage Learning
,
2006
).
11.
Optimization and Computational Fluid Dynamics
, edited by
D.
Thévenin
and
G.
Janiga
(
Springer
,
Berlin
,
2010
), Chap. 7.
12.
B.
Heissing
and
M.
Ersoy
,
Chassis Handbook: Fundamentals, Driving Dynamics, Components, Mechatronics, Perspectives
(
Vieweg+Teubner
,
Verlag
,
2011
).
13.
W. P.
Graebel
,
Engineering Fluid Mechanics
(
Taylor and Francis
,
New York
,
2001
), Chap. 7.
14.
MythBusters: Big Rig Myths
” (Episode 80). Discovery Networks. 2007. On YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=lttgT1XZVvE.
16.
U. S. Energy Information Administration
,
Annual Energy Review
,
2009
; www.eia.doe.gov.

Supplementary Material

AAPT members receive access to The Physics Teacher and the American Journal of Physics as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.