Studies on cognitive aspects of science education, especially how students achieve conceptual change, have been a focus of interest for many years.1 Researchers of student learning and conceptual change have developed several easily applicable teaching strategies. One of these strategies is known as discrepant events. Discrepant events are very powerful ways to stimulate interest, motivate students to challenge their covert science misconceptions, and promote higher‐order thinking skills. The key point is that directly challenging students' naive ideas will lead to more quality science learning going on in the classroom. In this paper, we summarize the research‐based role of discrepant events in conceptual change and we share several highly successful discrepant events we use in our own classes.

1.
J.
Park
, “
Modeling analysis of students' processes of generating scientific explanatory hypotheses
,”
Int. J. Sci. Educ.
28
,
469
489
(
2006
).
2.
S.
Kang
,
L.C.
Scharmann
,
T.
Noh
, and
H.
Koh
, “
The influence of students' cognitive and motivational variables in respect of cognitive conflict and conceptual change
,”
Int. J. Sci. Educ.
27
,
1037
1058
(
2005
).
3.
J.
Clement
, “
Using bridging analogies and anchoring intuitions to deal with students' preconceptions in physics
,”
J. Res. Sci. Teach.
30
,
1241
1257
(
1993
).
4.
D. I.
Dykstra
,
C. F.
Boyle
, and
I. A.
Monarch
, “
Studying conceptual change in learning physics
,”
Sci. Educ.
76
,
615
652
(
1992
).
5.
K. Appleton, “Students' responses during discrepant event science lessons,” paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED393696 (1996).
6.
M.
Limón
, “
On the cognitive conflict as an instructional strategy for conceptual change: A critical appraisal
,”
Learn. Instr.
11
,
357
380
(
2001
).
7.
E. L.
Wright
and
G.
Govindarajan
, “
Discrepant event demonstrations
,”
Sci. Teach.
62
,
24
28
(
2005
).
8.
M. J. Lynch and J. J. Zenchak, “Use of scientific inquiry to explain counterintuitive observations,” paper presented at the Annual International Conference of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED465617 (2002).
9.
D. Mason, W. F. Griffith, S. E. Hogue, K. Holley, and K. Hunter, “Discrepant event: The great bowling ball float‐off,” J. Chem. Educ.81, 1309–1312.
10.
T.
Slater
, “
The first three minutes … of class
,”
Phys. Teach.
44
,
477
478
(Oct.
2006
).
11.
T.
O'Brien
,
C.
Stannard
, and
A.
Telesca
, “
A baker's dozen of discrepantly dense demos
,”
Sci. Scope
18
,
35
38
(
1994
).
12.
E. L.
Wright
and
G.
Govindarajan
, “
Stirring the biology teaching pot with discrepant events
,”
Am. Bio. Teach.
54
,
205
207
(
1992
).
13.
D.
Gabel
, “
Enhancing the conceptual understanding of science
,”
Educ. Horiz.
81
,
70
76
(
2003
).
14.
J. W.
Rylan der
, “
Welcome to physics
,”
Phys. Teach.
37
,
312
313
(May
1999
).
15.
G. T.
Johnston
, “
The scientific method and the cooled super‐ball
,”
Phys. Teach.
16
,
172
173
(March
1978
).
16.
A.
Hapkiewicz
, “
Finding a list of science misconceptions
,”
MS‐TANewsletter
38
,
11
14
(Winter
1992
); homepage.mac.com/vtalsma/syllabi/2943/handouts/misconcept.html.
This content is only available via PDF.
AAPT members receive access to The Physics Teacher and the American Journal of Physics as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.