It is possible for a relatively small force, applied to one end of a rope, to support a much larger force if the rope is merely wrapped a few times around a post. This setup, called a capstan, has been discussed in a number of papers in this journal and elsewhere.1–3 If we wrap a cord around a rough curved surface, T1 and T2 are the tensions in the cord on the two sides of the surface (see Fig. 1). At the point the cord is about to slip, the theory predicts1 T2 = T1eμθ, (1) where μ is the coefficient of static friction between the cord and surface. The amount of wrapping is indicated by the angle θ measured in radians. A common experiment is to measure T1 and T2 for various values of θ and to obtain the coefficient of friction μ from the slope of a plot of ln (T2/T1) versus θ. [Note that Eq. (1) implies ln (T2/T1) = μθ.] The tension in the string varies exponentially with position along the cylinder. It would be difficult to measure that variation using the experiment represented by Fig. 1. However, if the string is replaced by a tightly wound spring, the tension in the spring at any point can be found from the separation between adjacent coils (greater separation means greater tension). Among the capstan‐related experiments described by Levin3 is one in which a spring with unequal weights connected to its ends is draped over a rough‐surfaced horizontal cylinder (Fig. 2). With this arrangement, Levin is able to demonstrate qualitatively the variation in the tension in the spring. We describe here a similar experiment in which quantitative measurements of the tension variation in the spring can be obtained. From those measurements, the coefficient of static friction between the spring and the cylinder can be calculated.
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December 2009
PAPERS|
December 01 2009
Tension of a Soft Spring in Contact with a Cylinder
Wen‐Tang Lee;
Wen‐Tang Lee
National Chia‐Yi Senior High School, Chia‐Yi, Taiwan 60069
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Huang‐Wen Hsiao
Huang‐Wen Hsiao
National Chia‐Yi Senior High School, Chia‐Yi, Taiwan 60069
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Wen‐Tang Lee
Huang‐Wen Hsiao
National Chia‐Yi Senior High School, Chia‐Yi, Taiwan 60069
Phys. Teach. 47, 596–597 (2009)
Citation
Wen‐Tang Lee, Huang‐Wen Hsiao; Tension of a Soft Spring in Contact with a Cylinder. Phys. Teach. 1 December 2009; 47 (9): 596–597. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3264592
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