The variation of water temperature in the top-most 100 meters of the deep ocean depends on the annual cycle of heating and cooling of the surface water and on mixing by the wind. Here we describe a laboratory model that uses salt instead of heat to produce density differences and that helps us to understand how the ocean's temperature structure changes with the seasons.

1.
J.A. Knauss, Introduction to Physical Oceanography, 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997), p. 52.
2.
R. M.
Heavers
, “
Convection in a continuously stratified fluid
,”
J. Chem. Educ.
74
,
965
967
(
1997
).
3.
J. S.
Turner
and
E. B.
Kraus
, “
A one-dimensional model of the seasonal thermocline
,”
Tellus
19
,
88
97
(
1967
).
This content is only available via PDF.
AAPT members receive access to The Physics Teacher and the American Journal of Physics as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.