The first global e-competition on astronomy and astrophysics was held online in September–October 2020 as a replacement for the International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics, which was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the short time available for organization, 8 weeks, the competition was run successfully, with 325 students from over 42 countries participating with no major issues. The feedback from the participants was positive and reflects the ways in which such events can boost interest in astronomy and astronomy education. With online activities set to become more prevalent in the future, we present an overview of the competition process, the challenges faced, and some of the lessons learned, aiming to contribute to the development of best practices for organizing online competitions.

1.
E. F.
Redish
,
J. M.
Saul
, and
R. N.
Steinberg
, “
Student expectations in introductory physics
,”
Am. J. Phys.
66
(
3
),
212
224
(
1998
).
2.
W. K.
Adams
,
K. K.
Perkins
,
N. S.
Podolefsky
,
M.
Dubson
,
N. D.
Finkelstein
, and
C. E.
Wieman
, “
New instrument for measuring student beliefs about physics and learning physics: The Colorado learning attitudes about science survey
,”
Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. - Phys. Educ. Res.
2
(
1
),
10101
(
2006
).
3.
R.
Taibu
and
F.
Ferrari
, “
Physics language anxiety among students in introductory physics course
,”
Eurasia J. Mathematics, Sci. Technol. Educ.
16
(
4
),
em1835
(
2020
).
4.
J. C.
Burguillo
, “
Using game theory and competition-based learning to stimulate student motivation and performance
,”
Computers Educ.
55
(
2
),
566
575
(
2010
).
5.
I.
Cantador
and
J. M.
Conde
, “
Effects of competition in education: A case study in an e-learning environment
,” in Proceedings of the 2010 IADIS International Conference on e-Learning Freiburg, Germany (
2010
), pp.
11
18
.
6.
M.
Oliver
and
G.
Venville
, “
An exploratory case study of olympiad students' attitudes towards and passion for science
,”
Int. J. Sci. Educ.
33
(
16
),
2295
2322
(
2011
).
7.
J.
Wirt
, “An analysis of Science Olympiad participants’ perceptions regarding their experience with the science and engineering academic competition,” thesis (
Seton Hall University ProQuest Dissertations Publishing
,
2011
),
3472708
.
8.
S. A.
Sukiman
,
H.
Yusop
,
R.
Mokhtar
, and
N. H.
Jaafar
, in
Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014)
, edited by
M. A.
Abdullah
,
W. K.
Yahya
,
N.
Ramli
,
S. R.
Mohamed
, and
B. E.
Ahmad
(
Springer
,
Singapore
,
2014
), pp.
505
516
.
9.
S.
Salehi
,
E.
Burkholder
,
G. P.
Lepage
,
S.
Pollock
, and
C.
Wieman
, “
Demographic gaps or preparation gaps?: The large impact of incoming preparation on performance of students in introductory physics
,”
Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.
15
(
2
),
20114
(
2019
).
10.
A.
Sule
,
W. S. M.
Yong
,
R.
Zapotinschi
, and
G.
Stachowski
, “1st International Olympiad in Astronomy and Astrophysics,”
Phys. Competitions
10
,
8
17
(
2008
).
11.
B.
Soonthornthum
and
C.
Kunjaya
, “
International olympiad on astronomy and astrophysics
,”
Eur. J. Phys.
32
(
4
),
S15
S20
(
2011
).
12.
G.
Stachowski
and
A.
Sule
, in
European Physical Journal Web of Conferences
, Vol.
200
, (
EPJ
,
2019
), p.
1011
.
13.
Y. B.
Zeldovich
and
R. A.
Sunyaev
, “
The interaction of matter and radiation in a hot-model universe
,”
Astrophys. Space Sci.
4
(
3
),
301
316
(
1969
).
14.
R. A.
Sunyaev
and
Y. B.
Zeldovich
, “Formation of clusters of galaxies; Protocluster fragmentation and intergalactic gas heating,”
Astron. Astrophys.
20
,
189
(
1972
).
15.
H.
Tashiro
, “
CMB spectral distortions and energy release in the early universe
,”
Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.
2014
(
6
),
6B107
6B100
.
16.
A.
Kogut
,
D. J.
Fixsen
,
D. T.
Chuss
et al, “
The primordial inflation explorer (PIXIE): A nulling polarimeter for cosmic microwave background observations
,”
J. Cosmol. Astroparticle Phys.
025
,
JCAP07
(
2011
).
17.
A.
Kogut
,
J.
Chluba
,
D. J.
Fixsen
,
S.
Meyer
, and
D.
Spergel
, “The primordial inflation explorer (PIXIE),”
Proc. SPIE
9904
,
99040W
(
2016
).
18.
S. K.
Naess
,
J.
Dunkley
,
A.
Kogut
, and
D. J.
Fixsen
, “
Time-ordered data simulation and map-making for the PIXIE Fourier transform spectrometer
,”
J. Cosmology Astroparticle Phys.
2019
(
04
),
019
(
2019
).
19.
A.
Kogut
and
D. J.
Fixsen
, “
Calibration method and uncertainty for the primordial inflation explorer (PIXIE)
,”
J. Cosmology Astroparticle Phys.
2020
(
05
),
041
.
20.
M. H.
Abitbol
,
J.
Chluba
,
J. C.
Hill
, and
B. R.
Johnson
, “
Prospects for measuring cosmic microwave background spectral distortions in the presence of foregrounds
,”
Mon. Not. R. Astronomical Soc.
471
(
1
),
1126
1140
(
2017
).
21.
I. A.
Zelko
and
D. P.
Finkbeiner
, “
Impact of dust on spectral distortion measurements of the cosmic microwave background
,”
Astrophys. J.
914
(
1
),
68
(
2021
).
22.
See supplementary material online for more results from the survey of the participants; further description of the implementation process; details of the international and local organizing committee, and the academic tasks and evaluation process; a description of the national astronomy competition for the USA, and more examples of international competitions.

Supplementary Material

AAPT members receive access to the American Journal of Physics and The Physics Teacher as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.