Resources-oriented instruction in physics treats student thinking as sensible and then seeks to connect what students are saying and doing to physics content and practices. This paper uses an illustrative case to make progress toward answering the instructional questions: “What does resources-oriented instruction in physics look like?” and “How can I do it?”. We analyze an interaction between a university TA and a group of four introductory physics students completing a worksheet about mechanical wave propagation. We show some of the ways in which the TA's instructional moves supported students in making conceptual progress, even though several of the students' ideas would not be accepted as correct by many physicists.
REFERENCES
1.
D.
Hammer
, “
Student resources for learning introductory physics
,” Am. J. Phys.
68
, S52
–S59
(2000
).2.
D.
Hammer
,
A.
Elby
,
R. E.
Scherr
, and
E. F.
Redish
, “
Resources, framing, and transfer
,” in Transfer of Learning from a Modern Multidisciplinary Perspective
, edited by
J. P.
Mestre
(
Information Age Publishing, Inc
.,
Charlotte
, 2005
), pp. 89
–119
.3.
A. A.
diSessa
, “
Toward an epistemology of physics
,” Cognit. Instr.
10
, 105
–225
(1993
).4.
J. P.
Smith
III
,
A. A.
diSessa
, and
J.
Roschelle
, “
Misconceptions reconceived: A constructivist analysis of knowledge in transition
,” J. Learn. Sci.
3
, 115
–163
(1993
).5.
G. J.
Posner
,
K. A.
Strike
,
P. W.
Hewson
, and
W. A.
Gertzog
, “
Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change
,” Sci. Educ.
66
, 211
–227
(1982
).6.
M.
McCloskey
, “
Intuitive physics
,” Sci. Am.
248
, 124
–130
(1983
); available at https://www.academia.edu/28201242/Intuitive_Physics.7.
L.
McDermott
, “
A view from physics
,” in Toward a Scientific Practice of Science Education
, edited by
M.
Gardner
(
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
,
Mahwah
, 1990
), pp. 3
–30
.8.
K.
Wosilait
,
P. R. L.
Heron
,
P. S.
Shaffer
, and
L. C.
McDermott
, “
Development and assessment of a research-based tutorial on light and shadow
,” Am. J. Phys.
66
, 906
–913
(1998
).9.
L. C.
McDermott
and
P. S.
Shaffer
, “
Research as a guide for curriculum development: An example from introductory electricity. Part I: Investigation of student understanding
,” Am. J. Phys.
60
, 994
–1003
(1992
).10.
D.
Hammer
, “
Epistemological beliefs in introductory physics
,” Cognit. Instr.
12
, 151
–183
(1994
).11.
L.
Lising
and
A.
Elby
, “
The impact of epistemology on learning: A case study from introductory physics
,” Am. J. Phys.
73
, 372
–382
(2005
).12.
There have been several case studies that illustrate what we would consider to be resources-oriented instruction in science (Refs. 14 and 46). Few of these have focused on college-level instruction with instructors who are new to resources-oriented instruction, and we find that sharing these exemplars with novice university-level instructors often raises questions about what this would look like (or if it's even possible) in a university classroom. This paper is meant to supplement—not replace—this existing body of literature.
13.
D.
Hammer
and
E.
van Zee
, Seeing the Science in Children's Thinking: Case Studies of Student Inquiry in Physical Science
(
Heinemann
,
London
, 2006
).14.
D.
Hammer
,
F.
Goldberg
, and
S.
Fargason
, “
Responsive teaching and the beginnings of energy in a third grade classroom
,” Rev. Sci. Math. ICT Educ.
6
, 51
–72
(2012
); available at https://dl.tufts.edu/pdfviewer/pg15bs47t/xk81jz22n.15.
E.
Duckworth
, The Having of Wonderful Ideas' and Other Essays on Teaching and Learning
(
Teachers College Press
,
New York
, 2006
).16.
A. D.
Robertson
and
L. J.
Atkins Elliott
, “
Truth, success, and faith: Novice teachers' perception of what is at risk in responsive teaching
,” Sci. Educ.
104
, 736
–741
(2020
).17.
See supplementary material at https://www.scitation.org/doi/suppl/10.1119/10.0009796 for detailed sample demographics, copies of the instructional materials students were using, and a full transcript.
18.
S.
Kanim
and
X. C.
Cid
, “
The demographics of physics education research
,” Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.
16
, 020106
(2020
).19.
R.
Mondesir
and
A. D.
Robertson
, “
Towards characterizing the demographics of introductory physics courses
,” in 2020 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings
, edited by
S.
Wolf
,
E.
Bennett
, and
B.
Frank
(published online, 2020
).20.
L. C.
McDermott
,
P. S.
Shaffer
, and Physics Education Group
, Tutorials in Introductory Physics
(
Prentice Hall College Division
,
Hoboken
, 2011
).21.
L. M.
Goodhew
,
A. D.
Robertson
,
P. R. L.
Heron
, and
R. E.
Scherr
, “
Student resources for understanding mechanical wave propagation
,” Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res.
15
, 020127
(2019
).22.
The sequence of this worksheet is similar in structure to the Interactive Science Learning Environment (ISLE) learning approach (Ref. 47) in that it asks students to observe a phenomenon, generate various explanations, and then design experiments to test their explanations. Like ISLE, the Representing Pulse Propagation worksheet emphasizes participation in the process of science (particularly constructing and testing explanations). This worksheet is distinct in that it leverages research-validated resources associated with student models for pulse propagation to more explicitly scaffold the construction of an explanation before experimentation.
23.
B.
Jordan
and
A.
Henderson
, “
Interaction analysis: Foundations and practice
,” J. Learn. Sci.
4
, 39
–103
(1995
).24.
J. A.
Maxwell
, “
Using qualitative methods for causal explanation
,” Field Methods
16
, 243
–264
(2004
).25.
J. A.
Maxwell
, “
Causal explanation, qualitative research, and scientific inquiry in education
,” Educ. Res.
33
, 3
–11
(2004
).26.
27.
F.
Erickson
, “
Qualitative methods in research on teaching
,” in Handbook of Research on Teaching
, edited by
M. C.
Wittrock
(
Macmillan
,
New York
, 1986
), pp. 119
–161
.28.
M.
Eisenhart
, “
Generalization from qualitative inquiry
,” in Generalizing from Educational Research: Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Polarization
, edited by
K.
Ercikan
and
W.-M.
Roth
(
Routledge
,
New York
, 2009
), pp. 51
–66
.29.
G.
Wehlage
, “
The purpose of generalization in field study research
,” in The Study of Schooling
, edited by
T.
Papkewitz
and
B.
Tabchmie
(
Praeger
,
New York
, 1981
), pp. 211
–226
.30.
R. A.
Engle
,
J. M.
Langer-Osuna
, and
M. M.
de Royston
, “
Toward a model of differential influence in persuasive discussions: Negotitating quality, authority, privilege, and access within a student-led argument
,” Cognit. Instr.
23
, 245
–268
(2014
).31.
“
Introduction
,” in Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement
, edited by
K.
Crenshaw
,
N.
Gotanda
,
G.
Peller
, and
K.
Thomas
(
The New Press
,
New York
, 1995
), pp. xiii
–xxxii
.32.
33.
Bracketed words in the transcript indicate our insertions often nonverbal information or references that we think are relevant. Dashes indicate unfinished words. … indicates removed transcript, typically when students repeated themselves (e.g., “force of, uh, force of tension” would become “force of tension”).
34.
M. C.
Wittmann
, “
Object coordination class applied to waves pulses: Analysing student reasoning in wave physics
,” Int. J. Sci. Educ.
24
, 97
–118
(2002
).35.
R. S.
Russ
,
J. E.
Coffey
,
D.
Hammer
, and
P.
Hutchison
, “
Making classroom assessment more accountable to scientific reasoning: A case for attending to mechanistic thinking
,” Sci. Educ.
93
, 875
–891
(2009
).36.
R. S.
Russ
,
R. E.
Scherr
,
D.
Hammer
, and
J.
Mikeska
, “
Recognizing mechanistic reasoning in student scientific inquiry: A framework for discourse analysis developed from philosophy of science
,” Sci. Educ.
92
, 499
–525
(2008
).37.
T. O. B.
Odden
and
R. S.
Russ
, “
Charges are everywhere': A case of student sensemaking about electric current
,” in 2017 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings
, edited by
L.
Ding
,
A. L.
Traxler
, and
Y.
Cao
(
AIP
,
New York
, 2018
), pp. 280
–283
.38.
39.
E.
Mazur
,
C. H.
Crouch
,
D.
Pedigo
,
P. A.
Dourmashkin
, and
R. J.
Bieniek
, Principles & Practice of Physics
(
Pearson
,
London
, 2015
).40.
J. R.
Taylor
, Classical Mechanics
(
University Science Books
,
Sausalito, California
, 2005
).41.
Students' analysis of Hooke's law here relies on k increasing, rather than x. Their reasoning is that a higher-tension spring is “harder,” which, in their thinking, means a different k. This makes sense to us: k is often described as how stiff a spring is. That's part of wōhy we aren't worried about it, even though it's technically incorrect. Also, it's not central to the mechanism that they land on, which is that “everything is operating like smaller particles and they're all affecting each other.” This mechanism doesn't rely on a correct.
42.
S. B.
Empson
and
V. R.
Jacobs
, “
Learning to listen to children's mathematics
,” in Tools and Processes in Mathematics Teacher Education
, edited by
D.
Tirosh
and
T.
Wood
(
Sense Publishers
,
Rotterdam
, 2008
), pp. 257
–281
.43.
J. E.
Lineback
, “
The redirection: An indicator of how teachers respond to student thinking
,” J. Learn. Sci.
24
, 419
–460
(2015
).44.
K.
Brodie
, “
Working with learners' mathematical thinking: Towards a language of description for changing pedagogy
,” Teach. Teach. Educ.
27
, 174
–186
(2011
).45.
M.
Lau
, “
Understanding the dynamics of teacher attention: Examples of how high school physics and physical science teachers attend to student ideas
,” Ph.D. dissertation (
University of Maryland
, College Park, MD, 2010
).46.
D. M.
Levin
,
D.
Hammer
,
A.
Elby
, and
J.
Coffey
, Becoming a Responsive Science Teacher: Focusing on Student Thinking in Secondary Science
(
National Science Teachers Association Press
,
Arlington
, 2012
).47.
E.
Etkina
,
D. M.
Brookes
, and
G.
Planinsic
, Investigative Science Learning Environment: When Learning Physics Mirrors Doing Physics
(
Morgan & Claypool Publishers
,
San Rafael, California
, 2019
).© 2022 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by American Association of Physics Teachers.
2022
Author(s)
AAPT members receive access to the American Journal of Physics and The Physics Teacher as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.