The equations of motion for two spherical dipoles moving freely in a plane are obtained. Special consideration is given to when the two spheres are in contact. Investigations of equilibria, small-amplitude motion, and large-amplitude motion reveal that possible motions are exclusively quasi-periodic. Two distinct modes are identified, one of which is isomorphic with the simple pendulum, complete with a regime where it ceases to be periodic, and the angular displacement grows continuously at high energy.

1.
Stefan
Borgers
,
Simeon
Völkel
,
Wolfgang
Schöpf
, and
Ingo
Rehberg
, “
Exploring cogging free magnetic gears
,”
Am. J. Phys.
86
(
6
),
460
469
(
2018
).
2.
S.
Modaresahmadi
,
A.
Hosseinpour
, and
W. B.
Williams
, “
Fatigue life prediction of a coaxial multi-stage magnetic gear
,” in
2019 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference, TPEC 2019
(
2019
).
3.
G. L.
Pollack
and
D. R.
Stump
, “
Two magnets oscillating in each other's fields
,”
Can. J. Phys.
75
(
5
),
313
324
(
1997
).
4.
B. F.
Edwards
,
D. M.
Riffe
,
J.
Ji
, and
W. A.
Booth
, “
Interactions between uniformly magnetized spheres
,”
Am. J. Phys.
85
(
2
),
130
134
(
2017
).
5.
B. F.
Edwards
and
J. M.
Edwards
, “
Periodic nonlinear sliding modes for two uniformly magnetized spheres
,”
Chaos
27
(
5
),
053107
(
2017
).
6.
E. P.
Furlani
,
R.
Wang
, and
H.
Kusnadi
, “
A three-dimensional model for computing the torque of radial couplings
,”
IEEE Trans. Magn.
31
(
5
),
2522
2526
(
1995
).
7.
T. H.
Boyer
, “
The force on a magnetic dipole
,”
Am. J. Phys.
56
(
8
),
688
692
(
1988
).
8.
L.
Vaidman
, “
Torque and force on a magnetic dipole
,”
Am. J. Phys.
58
(
10
),
978
983
(
1990
).
9.
D. J.
Griffiths
, “
Dipoles at rest
,”
Am. J. Phys.
60
,
979
987
(
1992
).
10.
K. R.
Brownstein
, “
Force exerted on a magnetic dipole
,”
Am. J. Phys.
61
,
940
941
(
1993
).
11.
V.
Hnizdo
, “
Hidden mechanical momentum and the field momentum in stationary electromagnetic and gravitational systems
,”
Am. J. Phys.
65
(
6
),
515
518
(
1997
).
12.
J. B.
Greene
and
F. G.
Karioris
, “
Force on a magnetic dipole
,”
Am. J. Phys.
39
(
2
),
172
175
(
1971
).
13.
John R.
Taylor
,
Classical Mechanics
(
University Science Books
,
Mill Valley, CA
,
2005
).
14.
D. J.
Griffiths
,
Introduction to Electrodynamics. Always Learning
(
Pearson
,
Upper Saddle River, NJ
,
2013
).
15.
Johannes
Schönke
, “
Smooth teeth: Why multipoles are perfect gears
,”
Phys. Rev. Appl.
4
,
064007
(
2015
).
16.
D. R.
Stump
and
G. L.
Pollack
, “
Magnetic dipole oscillations and radiation damping
,”
Am. J. Phys.
65
(
1
),
81
87
(
1997
).
17.
F. M. S.
Lima
, “
Analytical study of the critical behavior of the nonlinear pendulum
,”
Am. J. Phys.
78
(
11
),
1146
1151
(
2010
).
AAPT members receive access to the American Journal of Physics and The Physics Teacher as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.