The deflection of a laser beam traveling through a modulated electric field is measured using phase-sensitive detection to place an upper bound on the photon charge. An upper limit of is obtained. Our approach provides a simple experimental scheme for angle measurements and is suitable as a laboratory exercise for both advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in physical science.
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Our total experimental cost including all of the major electronics and components needed for the experiment is about $12,200. This includes the laser, laser components and controllers, breadboard for mounting, quadrant photodetector, PZT, oscilloscope, function generator, lock-in amplifier, high voltage power supply, and other miscellaneous components. This total cost assumes that there is no equipment available on hand already and that all components will need to be purchased brand new for the experiment.
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2013
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