We have modified our intermediate optics laboratory to improve student understanding through the use of active learning. Our approach relies on the direct confrontation of misconceptions through the use of predictions, collection of data to support or refute the predictions, reconciliation of the predictions and observations, discussions, and leading questions. This method differs from the traditional approach in which students are provided a series of detailed instructions. Through the class and the laboratory we build conceptual understanding in subjects such as image formation by lenses and mirrors, ray optics, and elliptical polarization while fostering laboratory independence and helping students erect a new paradigm for learning. We present data indicating improved student understanding of optics through the course of the semester.

1.
Ronald K.
Thornton
and
David R.
Sokoloff
, “
Assessing student learning of Newton’s laws: The force and motion conceptual evaluation and the evaluation of active learning laboratory and lecture curricula
,”
Am. J. Phys.
66
,
338
352
(
1998
).
2.
Randall D.
Knight
,
Five Easy Lessons: Strategies for Successful Physics Teaching
(
Addison-Wesley
,
San Francisco
,
2002
).
3.
M. S.
Schwartz
,
P. M.
Sadler
, and
R. H.
Tai
, “
Depth versus breadth: How content coverage in high school science courses relates to later success in college science coursework
,”
Sci. Educ.
93
,
798
826
(
2009
).
4.
E.
Mazur
,
Peer Instruction: A User's Manual
(
Prentice-Hall
,
Upper Saddle River
,
1997
).
5.
C.
Crouch
and
E.
Mazur
, “
Peer instruction: Ten years of experience and results
,”
Am. J. Phys.
69
,
970
977
(
2001
).
6.
D.
Sokoloff
and
R.
Thornton
, “
Using interactive lecture demonstrations to create an active learning environment
,”
Phys. Teach.
35
,
340
347
(
1997
).
7.
E.
Redish
,
J.
Saul
, and
R.
Steinberg
, “
On the effectiveness of active-engagement microcomputer-based laboratories
,”
Am. J. Phys.
65
,
45
54
(
1997
).
8.
R.
Hake
, “
Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods: A six-thousand student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses
,”
Am. J. Phys.
66
,
64
74
(
1998
).
9.
R. R.
Hake
, “
Promoting student crossover to the Newtonian world
,”
Am. J. Phys.
55
,
878
884
(
1987
).
10.
D. R.
Sokoloff
,
R. K.
Thornton
, and
P. W.
Laws
,
RealTime Physics
(
Wiley
,
New York
,
1999
).
11.
P.
Colin
and
L.
Viennot
, “
Using two models in optics: Students’ difficulties and suggestions for teaching
,”
Am. J. Phys.
69
,
S36
S44
(
2001
).
12.
I.
Galili
,
S.
Bendall
, and
F.
Goldberg
, “
The effects of prior knowledge and instruction on understanding image formation
,”
J. Res. Sci. Teach.
30
,
271
301
(
1993
).
13.
I.
Galili
and
F.
Goldberg
, “
Left-right conversions in a plane mirror
,”
Phys. Teach.
31
,
463
466
(
1993
).
14.
I.
Galili
,
F.
Goldberg
, and
S.
Bendall
, “
Some reflections on plane mirrors and images
,”
Phys. Teach.
29
,
471
477
(
1991
).
15.
F.
Goldberg
and
Lillian C.
McDermott
, “
An investigation of student understanding of the real image formed by a converging lens or concave mirror
,”
Am. J. Phys.
55
,
108
119
(
1987
).
16.
B. S.
Ambrose
,
P. R. L.
Heron
,
S.
Vokos
, and
L. C.
McDermott
, “
Student understanding of light as an electromagnetic wave: Relating the formalism to physical phenomena
,”
Am. J. Phys.
67
,
891
898
(
1999
).
17.
Lillian C.
McDermott
,
Peter S.
Shaffer
, and the
Physics Education Group at the University of Washington
,
Tutorials in Introductory Physics
(
Prentice-Hall
,
Upper Saddle River, NJ
,
2002
).
18.
S.
Chu
,
J. E.
Bjorkholm
,
A.
Ashkin
, and
A.
Cable
, “
Experimental observation of optically trapped atoms
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
57
,
314
317
(
1986
).
19.
C.
Wieman
,
G.
Flowers
, and
S.
Gilbert
, “
Inexpensive laser cooling and trapping experiments for undergraduate laboratories
,”
Am. J. Phys.
63
,
317
330
(
1995
).
20.
S. P.
Walborn
,
M. O.
Terra Cunha
,
S.
Padua
, and
C. H.
Monken
, “
Double-slit quantum eraser
,”
Phys. Rev. A
65
,
033818
(
2002
).
AAPT members receive access to the American Journal of Physics and The Physics Teacher as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.