Quantum physics is usually thought of as a theory describing very small systems, such as atoms, subatomic particles, and modest collections of quanta in general. However, quantum physics also applies to large objects, and it gives the most accurate description of various solids, liquids, and gases as well as massive objects such as neutron stars and perhaps even the universe as a whole. Recently an exciting field has started to emerge, which asks whether quantum effects might also be relevant in the functioning of living systems. After all, given that we have so much evidence for it in the physics of inanimate matter, why shouldn’t nature also be able to utilize quantum physics to improve information processing of biological systems?
The standard response to this is to say that biological systems, contrary to atoms and molecules, are warm and wet. Because of these two conditions, living systems experience a great...
