It is now practical for undergraduate students to carry out a laboratory exercise in which they determine an approximate age for the universe using their own data. Because of the wide availability and excellent performance of charge-coupled device cameras designed for astronomy, a relatively small telescope with a modest spectrograph is sufficient to carry out the necessary observations. The age determination rests on a measurement of the Hubble constant, which, in this experiment, is derived from the measured distance and velocity of recession of a single galaxy. The distance is determined from an image of the galaxy, while the velocity is obtained from a measurement of the redshift of the spectrum of the galaxy. Examples of such observations made at a small college observatory are presented and the extraction of an estimate of the age of the universe from those data is described.

1.
The home page for the University of Washington Astronomy Department’s online lab “The Hubble Law: An Introductory Astronomy Lab” is located at www.astro.washington.edu/astro101/hubble/. Software that simulates a measurement of the Hubble constant can be obtained from www.gettysburg.edu/project/physics/clea/CLEAhome.html.
2.
Virginia
Trimble
and
Lucy-Ann
McFadden
, “
Astrophysics in 1997
,”
Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
110
,
223
267
(
1998
).
3.
Phillip J. E. Peebles, Principles of Physical Cosmology (Princeton U.P., Princeton, NJ, 1993), p. 101.
4.
William J. Kaufmann III, Universe (Freeman, New York, 1994), 4th ed., p. 538.
5.
Peter Coles and Francesco Lucchin, Cosmology (Wiley, New York, 1995), p. 72.
6.
Bradley W. Carroll and Dale A. Ostlie, An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (Addison–Wesley, New York, 1996), p. 998.
7.
Morton S. Roberts and Martha P. Haynes, Physical Parameters along the Hubble Sequence, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics Vol. 32, edited by Geoffrey Burbidge, David Layzer, and Allan Sandage (Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, 1994), pp. 115–152.
8.
SIMBAD astronomical database operated by Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg.
9.
Isabel
Márquez
and
Mariano
Moles
, “
The Isolated Pair of Spiral Galaxies NGC 7469/IC 5283
,”
Astron. J.
108
,
90
101
(
1994
).
10.
Ann K.
Finkbeiner
, “
Cosmic Yardsticks: Supernovae and the Fate of the Universe
,”
Sky Telesc.
96
(
3
),
38
45
(
1998
).
11.
Nick
Glumac
and
Joe
Sivo
, “
Building a Fiber-Optic Spectrograph
,”
Sky Telesc.
97
(
2
),
134
139
(
1999
).
12.
Alan Hirshfeld and Roger W. Sinnott, eds., Sky Catalogue 2000.0 (Sky, Cambridge, MA and Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, UK, 1985), Vol. 2, pp. 317–358.
This content is only available via PDF.
AAPT members receive access to the American Journal of Physics and The Physics Teacher as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.