The fluctuations in the number of particles of the ideal gas are calculated using the canonical and the grand canonical ensembles. The two results differ by a factor which accounts for the relative size of the total volume and the subvolume where the canonical ensemble fluctuations are calculated. This factor gives a simple example of explicit finite-size effects, because it arises from considering a fixed number of particles in the canonical ensemble. Our simulation results for the isothermal compressibility of the hard disk fluid with a finite number of particles are improved by applying this correction.
REFERENCES
1.
J. J.
Salacuse
, A. R.
Denton
, and P. A.
Egelstaff
, “Finite-size effects in molecular dynamics simulations: Static structure factor and compressibility. I. Theoretical method
,” J. Chem. Phys.
53
, 2382
–2389
(1996
).2.
J. L.
Lebowitz
and J. K.
Percus
, “Long-range correlations in a closed system with applications to nonuniform fluids
,” Phys. Rev.
122
, 1675
–1691
(1961
).3.
J. J.
Salacuse
, A. R.
Denton
, P. A.
Egelstaff
, M.
Tau
, and L.
Reatto
, “Finite-size effects in molecular dynamics simulations: Static structure factor and compressibility. II. Application to a model krypton fluid
,” J. Chem. Phys.
53
, 2390
–2401
(1996
).4.
J. L.
Lebowitz
and J. K.
Percus
, “Thermodynamic properties of small systems
,” Phys. Rev.
124
, 1673
–1681
(1961
).5.
L. R.
Pratt
and S. W.
Haan
, “Effects of periodic boundary conditions on equilibrium properties of computer simulated fluids. I. Theory
,” J. Chem. Phys.
74
, 1864
–1872
(1981
).6.
J. P. Hansen and I. R. McDonald, Theory of Simple Liquids (Academic, London, 1986), 2nd ed., Chap. 2.
7.
F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics (McGraw–Hill, New York, 1965), Problems 1.9 and 1.16, pp. 41–43.
8.
L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1980), 3rd ed., revised and enlarged by E. M. Lifshitz and L. P. Pitaevskii, Part I, pp. 347–348.
9.
D. A. McQuarrie, Statistical Mechanics (Harper & Row, New York, 1976), Chap. 13.
10.
D. Chandler, Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics (Oxford U.P., New York, 1987), pp. 218–223.
11.
H. Gould and J. Tobochnik, An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods: Applications to Physical Systems (Addison–Wesley, Reading, MA, 1996), 2nd ed., Chap. 8.
12.
E.
Helfand
, H. L.
Frisch
, and J. L.
Lebowitz
, “Theory of the two- and one-dimensional rigid sphere fluids
,” J. Chem. Phys.
34
, 1037
–1042
(1961
).13.
F. L.
Román
, J. A.
White
, and S.
Velasco
, “Block analysis method in off-lattice fluids
,” Europhys. Lett.
42
, 371
–376
(1998
).
This content is only available via PDF.
© 1999 American Association of Physics Teachers.
1999
American Association of Physics Teachers
AAPT members receive access to the American Journal of Physics and The Physics Teacher as a member benefit. To learn more about this member benefit and becoming an AAPT member, visit the Joining AAPT page.