Nuclear polarization schemes are surveyed. Special attention is given to those involving saturation of either the direct electronic transitions (Overhauser and “Underhauser” effects) or the weakly forbidden electron-nucleon “cross” transitions (Jeffries and Solid effects). Rate equations are used to find the power dependence of these effects. The physical systems allowing each of these effects are considered in terms of the various types of electron-nuclear coupling. Experimental work and bibliography to date are also surveyed.

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